Chinese 101-102: Learning Chinese Characters
For Chinese 101-102 at Cornell University, we have to learn about 250 Traditional Chinese characters (hanzi 汉字). We’re using P.C. T’ung & D.E. Pollard’s Character Text, which can be bought off Amazon relatively cheaply. It gives stroke order, vocabulary, simplifications, and little dialogues and sketches translated from its companion book, Colloquial Chinese. Here I want to present a simple lesson in basic Chinese words, but more for my own practice in the language than for you to learn how to read or write or speak Chinese. Standard pinyin and characters will be used, though without tone markings. I will also attempt to classify words into useful categories roughly by part of speech.
Nouns:
- 天气 – Tianqi – Weather
- 同志 – Tongzhi – Comrade
- 人 – Ren – Person
- 名字 – Mingzi – Name
- 地方 – Difang – Place
- 咖啡 – Kafei – Coffee
- 茶 – Cha – Tea
- 电视 – Dianshi – TV
- 文 – Wen – Writing
- 书 – Shu – Book
- 外国人 – Waiguoren – Foreigner
- 菜 – Cai – Dish [of food]
- 反 – Fan – Cooked rice
- 朋友 – Pengyou – Friend
- 晚上 – Wanshang – Evening
- 水 – Shui – Water
- 酒 – Jiu – Wine
- 普通话 – Putong Hua – Common Tongue
- 老师 – Laoshi – Teacher
- 字典 – Zidian – Dictionary
- 汉字 – Hanzi – Chinese characters
- 女人 – Nuren – Women
- 男人 – Nanren – Men
- 孩子 – Haizi – Child
- 孙子 – Sunzi – Grandchild
- 家 – Jia – Home / Family
- 客人 – Keren – Guest(s)
- 鸡 – Ji – Chicken
- 鱼 – Yu – Fish
- 青菜 – Qingcai – Green Vegetables
- 钱 – Qiang – Money
- 份报 – Fenbao – A newspaper
Place Names:
- 中国 – Zhongguo – China
- 北京 – Beijing – Peking
- 上海 – Shanghai – Shanghai
- 英国 – Yingguo – England
- 美国 – Meiguo – America
- 德国 – Deguo – Germany
- 法国 – Faguo – France
Forms of Address:
- 小姐 – Xiaojie – Miss
- 先生 – Xiansheng – Mr
- 太太 – Taitai – Mrs
- 夫人 – Furen – Madam
- 父母 – Fumu – Parents
- 妈 – Ma – Mother
Time Words:
- 今天 – Jintian – Today
- 昨天 – Zuotian – Yesterday
- 年 – Nian – Year
Measure Words:
- 位 – Wei – For persons
- 两 – Liang – For two of a thing
- 本 – Ben – A volume of a book
- 岁 – Sui – For years of age
- 个 – Ge – Generic classifier
- 杯 – Bei – For a cup of a drink
- 口 – Kou – For wells, family members
- 只 – Zhi – For birds and animals, pairs
- 条 – Tiao – For fish and other long narrow things
- 瓶 – Ping – A bottle of
Pronouns:
- 我 – Wo – I
- 你 – Ni – You
- 您 – Nin – You (Polite)
- 他 – Ta – Him
- 她 – Ta – Her
- 我们 – Women – Us
- 你们 – Nimen – You
- 他们 – Tamen – They
- 这 – Zhe / Zhei – This
- 那 – Na / Nei – That
Question Words:
- 谁 – Shei – Who
- 什么 – Shenme – What
- 哪 – Na / Nei – Which
- 几 – Ji – How many
- 多少 – Duoshao – How many
- 怎么 – Zenme – How
- 怎么样 – Zenme Yang – In what manner
Stative Verbs:
- 好 – Hao – Good
- 冷 – Leng – Cold
- 热 – Re – Hot
- 忙 – Mang – Busy
- 早 – Zao – Early
- 老 – Lao – Old
- 小 – Xiao – Young
- 累 – Lei – Tired
- 大 – Da – Big
Adjectives:
- 华侨 – Huaqiao – Overseas chinese
- 半 – Ban – Half of a thing
Adverbs:
- 很 – Hen – Very
- 不 – Bu – Not
- 真 – Zhen – Really
- 也 – Ye – Also
- 都 – Dou – All
- 再 – Zai – Again
- 只 – Zhi – Only
- 常常 – Changchang – often
- 应该 – Yinggai – Ought to
- 一点儿 – Yidianr – A little
- 就 – Jiu – Just now
- 因为 – Yinwei – Because
- 所以 – Suoyi – Therefore
- 总 – Zong – Always
- 多 – Duo – Many
- 一定 – Yiding – Certainly
- 一共 – Yigong – Altogether
- 还 – Hai – Still
Particles:
- 吗 – Ma – Questions
- 呢 – Ne – Followups
- 啊 – A – Intensifier
- 吧 – Ba – Suggestion
- 跟 – Gen – Along with
- 的 – De – Possession
- 对 – Dui – Towards
Verbs:
- 请 – Qing – Please
- 坐 – Zuo – To sit down
- 见 – Jian – To see
- 爱 – Ai – To love
- 姓 – Xing – To be surnamed
- 是 – Shi – To be
- 叫 – Jiao – To be called
- 进 – Jin – To come in
- 问 – Wen – To be excused
- 喝 – He – To drink
- 看 – Kan – To look [at]
- 喜欢 – Xihuan – To like
- 吃 – Chi – To eat
- 学 – Xue – To study
- 会 – Hui – To be able to
- 说话 – Shuohua – To talk [speech]
- 想 – Xiang – To think/plan/want to
- 谢谢 – Xiexie – Thanks
- 做 – Zuo – To do / make
- 有 – You – To have / There is / To exist
- 没有 – Meiyou – To not have
- 能 – Neng – To be able to
- 要 – Yao – To want
- 可以 – Keyi – To be permitted
- 知道 – Zhidao – To know [something]
- 买 – Mai – To buy
- 够 – Gou – To be enough
- 行 – Xing – To pass muster, to be OK
- 准 – Zhun – To be allowed / To allow [something]
- 抽烟 – Chou – To smoke
- 对不起 – Duibuqi – To be sorry
- 用 – Yong – To use
Surnames:
- 张 – Zhang
- 王 – Wang
- 李 – Li
- 汤 – Tang
Numbers:
- 一 – Yi – 1
- 二 – Er – 2
- 三 – San – 3
- 四 – Si – 4
- 五 – Wu – 5
- 六 – Liu – 6
- 七 – Qi – 7
- 八 – Ba – 8
- 九 – Jiu – 9
- 十 – Shi – 10
Of course, the characters we’re using are all in traditional, so forgive any incorrect simplified characters. This list represents the first five chapters of basic characters I am studying for my test. There seven or eight more that I also need to know, which are more complicated than I have time to put up here. If you want to correct some bad translation, just leave me a comment!
| This entry was posted on Thursday, May 11th, 2006 at 12:05 pm and is tagged with zhongguo china, d e pollard, traditional chinese characters, cornell university, common tongue, green vegetables, companion book, putong, amazon, mother time, forms of address, taitai, chinese words, time words, meiguo, part of speech, pinyin, place names, comrade, nouns. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback. |
dude. what the ****? you have too much ******* time! get a life.
Nice work. Quite a handy little reference guide.
Correction:
饭 – rice －ｌｅｆｔ ｏｕｔ ｔｈｅ ｒａｄｉｃａｌ．
问 – question. If I wanted to ask you something (我想问你…)
普通话 – translated would mean common language, but used in China to specifically mean Mandarin.
another measuring word:
辆 – liang – measuring particle for cars. (一辆车)
（ｈｏｗ Ｉ ｓｔｕｍｂｌｅｄ ｏｎｔｏ ｔｈｉｓ ｓｉｔｅ ｗｈｉｌｓｔ ｌｏｏｋｉｎｇ ｆｏｒ ｂｅｅ ｔａｔｏｏｓ ｒｅｍａｉｎ ａ ｍｙｓｔｅｒｙ）
I think the language chart is absolutely great idea. I’ve bookmark, i always wanted to learn how to speak chinese and the chart is definitly a good start.
补充2个
喝茶 (he cha) drink tea
茶楼 (cha lou) tea house(room)
Awesome dude
Hi Pal! Cool stuff! Just one tip, in China we don’t say 份报. Actually we say 报纸 (Bao Zhi), if you mean newspaper. By the way, that tatoo you saw in Mexico is 知.
Have fun